Back Independència i Democràcia Catalan Nezávislost / Demokracie Czech Fraktion Unabhängigkeit/Demokratie German Frakcio Sendependeco kaj Demokratio Esperanto Grupo Independencia/Democracia Spanish Itsenäisyys/demokratia-ryhmä Finnish Groupe Indépendance/Démocratie French Indipendenza e Democrazia Italian Onafhankelijkheid en Democratie Groep Dutch Uavhengighet/Demokrati NB

Independence/Democracy

Independence/Democracy
European Parliament group
IND/DEM logo
NameIndependence/Democracy
English abbr.IND/DEM[1][2][3][4]
French abbr.IND/DEM
Formal nameIndependence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament[2][3]
IdeologyEuroscepticism
Political positionRight-wing
European partiesEUDemocrats
From20 July 2004[1]
To1 July 2009
(de facto).[5][6]
Preceded byEurope of Democracies and Diversities
Succeeded byEurope of Freedom and Democracy
Chaired byNigel Farage
Hanne Dahl
MEP(s)37[7][8] (20–23 July 2004)
28[1] (January 2007)
22[9] (24 June 2008)
18[10] (11 June 2009, de facto)
Websitehttp://indemgroup.org/

Independence/Democracy (IND/DEM) was a Eurosceptic[11][12] political group active during the 2004–2009 term of the European Parliament. The group was the successor to the Europe of Democracies and Diversities (EDD) group.

The group collapsed following the 2009 European elections after losing many of its MEPs and was succeeded by Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) for the 2009–2014 term of the European Parliament.

  1. ^ a b c "Postal Services: Liberalisation & Privatisation in the European Union" (PDF). The Communication Workers Union. January 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference IDPrague was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference IDDelphi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ "Fourth Annual Report on Developments in the European Union in 2006, DFA, 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference EUO28403 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference BBCN8129312 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "The Week, 20 July 2004". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference EuropePolitique2004Results was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ European Parliament directory listing for Independence/Democracy Group Archived 20 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference EU2009EU27 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ David Phinnemore; Lee McGowan (2013). A Dictionary of the European Union. Routledge. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-135-08127-0. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  12. ^ Lori Thorlakson (2013). "Federalism and the European party system". In Alexander H. Trechsel (ed.). Towards a Federal Europe. Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-317-99818-1.

Rich TVX News Network Site

Rich TVX News Network Info

© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search